Waugoshance Lighthouse, constructed in 1851, played a pivotal role in guiding mariners into Lake Michigan from the Straits of Mackinac.

Positioned strategically, the lighthouse warned of hidden hazards like White Shoal, just five feet below the surface, and Simmons Reef, a mere three feet underwater.

Dear Lykkers, despite its crucial location, the treacherous conditions in the region necessitated additional aids to navigation over the years.

The Challenge of Simmons Reef

Congress allocated $60,000 in 1889 for a lighthouse at Simmons Reef. However, a survey revealed the cost of construction would exceed $150,000 due to the exposed conditions. Instead, the funds were redirected to build three wooden lightships to mark Simmons Reef, White Shoal, and Grays Reef. These vessels, equipped with steam propulsion and fog signals, began operations in 1891.

Development of Lightship LV-55

One of the lightships, LV-55, marked Simmons Reef until 1900. Notably, Captain Samuel Dodd, who helmed the vessel for 15 years, survived a dramatic rescue after capsizing in 1894. In 1901, a buoy replaced LV-55, and the lightship was reassigned to Lansing Shoal.

Transition to Permanent Structures

The Construction of White Shoal Lighthouse

In 1907, Congress approved $250,000 to replace lightship LV-56 at White Shoal. The Gillen Construction Company was contracted to build a reinforced concrete pier and a steel tower. By 1910, the lighthouse was operational, boasting a 125-foot focal plane and a light visible 20 miles away.

Architectural Highlights

The lighthouse's cylindrical tower, made of structural steel, brick, and terra cotta, featured a second-order Fresnel lens. The fog signal system included both aerial and submarine components, ensuring mariners could navigate even in dense fog.

Modernization and Automation

Upgrades and Changes

The lighthouse underwent numerous upgrades, including the installation of electric lights in 1930, which increased its intensity to 3,000,000 candlepower. Its exterior design evolved over time, with its iconic red-and-white spiral bands added in 1954.

Automation and Preservation

In 1976, Waugoshance Lighthouse was automated, eliminating the need for a crew. Its original Fresnel lens is now displayed at the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum, preserving its historical significance.

A Symbol of Maritime Heritage

Today, Waugoshance Lighthouse stands as a testament to Lake Michigan's rich maritime history. Efforts to preserve and celebrate its legacy include making it available for preservation projects under the National Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act. Though challenging to access, the lighthouse remains an enduring symbol of resilience and innovation on the Great Lakes.